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Like his co-author, Patterson is a Fellow of theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Computer History Museum, ACM,and IEEE, and he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering, the NationalAcademy of Sciences, and the Silicon Valley Engineering Hall of Fame. President, as chair of theCS division in the Berkeley EECS department, as chair of the Computing ResearchAssociation, and as President of ACM. T is record led to Distinguished Service Awardsfrom ACM and CRA.At Berkeley, Patterson led the design and implementation of RISC I, likely the f rstVLSI reduced instruction set computer, and the foundation of the commercialSPARC architecture. He was a leader of the Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks(RAID) project, which led to dependable storage systems from many companies.He was also involved in the Network of Workstations (NOW) project, which led tocluster technology used by Internet companies and later to cloud computing. His current research projectsare Algorithm-Machine-People and Algorithms and Specializers for Provably OptimalImplementations with Resilience and Ef ciency. T e AMP Lab is developing scalablemachine learning algorithms, warehouse-scale-computer-friendly programmingmodels, and crowd-sourcing tools to gain valuable insights quickly from big data inthe cloud.
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We can't explain all that development here, so we will cut to Shafi's next big contribution. As with previous editions, a MIPs processor is the core used to present the fundamentals of hardware technologies at work in a computer system. The book presents an entire MIPS instruction set—instruction by instruction—the fundamentals of assembly language, computer arithmetic, pipelining, memory hierarchies and I/O. Shafi, with Feige, Lovasz, Safra and Szegedy, by examining the power of multi-prover proofs, discovered [10] that the existence of these proofs (with certain parameters) implies a hardness of approximation result for certain NP-complete languages.
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For the convenience of readers who have purchased an ebook edition or who may have misplaced the CD-ROM, all CD content is available as a download at bit.ly/nFXcLq. Another outcome of this research was a variant of interactive proofs where the prover is replaced by two or more provers who cannot talk with each other. Shafi, with Ben-Or, Kilian and Wigderson, showed [9] that two provers are sufficient, and that all of NP can be proven with zero knowledge in this model without any assumptions.
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Computer Organization and Design MIPS Edition: The Hardware/Software Interface
They wondered if one could prove some non-trivial statement (for example, membership of a string in a hard language) without giving away any knowledge whatsoever about why it was true. They defined that the verifier receives no knowledge from the prover if the verifier could simulate on his own the probability distribution that he obtains in interacting with the prover.The idea that “no knowledge” means simulatability was a very important contribution. They also gave the first example of these “zero knowledge interactive proofs” using quadratic residuosity. ACM named John L. Hennessy a recipient of the 2017 ACM A.M. Turing Award for pioneering a systematic, quantitative approach to the design and evaluation of computer architectures with enduring impact on the microprocessor industry. John L. Hennessy is a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Stanford University, where he has been a member of the faculty since 1977 and was, from 2000 to 2016, its tenth President.
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The construction uses a form of algebraic “verifiable secret sharing”, a variant on an idea first proposed [2] by Goldwasser, Baruch Awerbuch, Benny Chor, and Micali. The first problem Shafi began working on with Micali was how to hide partial information in “mental poker”. Their solution [1] was an essentially perfect way of encrypting a single bit (against a computationally limited adversary), and they invented a “hybrid” technique to show that independently encrypting individual bits causes the whole message to be secure.
He was a leader of the Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) project,which led to dependable storage systems from many companies. He was also involved in theNetwork of Workstations (NOW) project, which led to cluster technology used by Internetcompanies and later to cloud computing. His current research projects are Algorithm-Machine-People and Algorithmsand Specializers for Provably Optimal Implementations with Resilience and Efciency.
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Innovations like domain-specific hardware, enhanced security, open instruction sets, and agile chip development will lead the way.
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This book is recommended for professional digital system designers, programmers, application developers, and system software developers; and undergraduate students in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering courses in Computer Organization, Computer Design, ranging from Sophomore required courses to Senior Electives. Shafi enrolled in graduate school in Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley, without knowing what she wanted to study. Her master's work was with Michael Powell and David Patterson, studying the optimal instruction set for the RISC architecture. But she soon met a group of enthusiastic young theoretical computer scientists – including Eric Bach, Faith Ellen, Mike Luby, Jeff Shallit, Vijay Vazirani and her Turing Award co-recipient Silvio Micali – and she began to see that her interests lay in theoretical areas.
Shafi Goldwasser
TeAMP Lab is developing scalable machine learning algorithms, warehouse-scale-computer-friendly programming models, and crowd-sourcing tools to gain valuable insights quicklyfrom big data in the cloud. Te ASPIRE Lab uses deep hardware and sofware co-tuningto achieve the highest possible performance and energy efciency for mobile and rackcomputing systems.John L. Hennessy is a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science atStanford University, where he has been a member of the faculty since 1977 and was,from 2000 to 2016, its tenth President.
Shafi and Goldreich [12] showed an especially succinct interactive proof for this approximation problem, thus demonstrating it is unlikely to be NP-hard. Along with Silvio Micali, for transformative work that laid the complexity-theoretic foundations for the science of cryptography, and in the process pioneered new methods for efficient verification of mathematical proofs in complexity theory. This best selling text on computer organization has been thoroughly updated to reflect the newest technologies. Examples highlight the latest processor designs, benchmarking standards, languages and tools. MyLife aggregates publicly available information from government, social, and other sources, plus personal reviews written by others. This third-party data is then indexed through methods similar to those used by Google or Bing to create a listing.
Like his co-author, Patterson is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Computer History Museum, ACM, and IEEE, and he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Sciences, and the Silicon Valley Engineering Hall of Fame. President, as chair of the CS division in the Berkeley EECS department, as chair of the Computing Research Association, and as President of ACM. Shafi, with Micali (and later Rackoff) [6], had been thinking for a while about expanding the traditional notion of “proof” to an interactive process in which a "prover" can convince a probabilistic "verifier" of the correctness of a mathematical proposition with overwhelming probability if and only if the proposition is correct. They called this interactive process an "interactive proof" (a name suggested by Mike Sipser).
Patterson has been teaching computer architecture at the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, since joining the faculty in 1977, where he holds the Pardee Chairof Computer Science. His teaching has been honored by the Distinguished TeachingAward from the University of California, the Karlstrom Award from ACM, and theMulligan Education Medal and Undergraduate Teaching Award from IEEE. Pattersonreceived the IEEE Technical Achievement Award and the ACM Eckert-Mauchly Awardfor contributions to RISC, and he shared the IEEE Johnson Information Storage Awardfor contributions to RAID.
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